THE HISTORY OF CANNABIS IN CANADA
Page 12: Studies and use of medical cannabis expand.
The mid-1800s was a peak time for cannabis in Canada. Along with widespread agricultural cultivation, cannabis tincture and extracts were becoming popular medicines.
Over 100 scientific studies on the benefits of cannabis medicine were published in North America between 1840 and 1900.
Canadian medical journals regularly documented the use of cannabis extracts in treating ailments such as anorexia, tuberculosis, epilepsy, migraines, depression, menstrual cramps, foot corns, diarrhea, chronic pain, alcoholism and opium addiction.
Liquid cannabis extracts were sold without prescription at drug stores, marketed by major companies like Parke Davis, Eli Lilly and Squibb. Pre-rolled cannabis cigarettes were sold to treat asthma, neuralgia and insomnia.
The cannabis varieties grown in Canada didn't usually produce enough resin for medical use. Medicinal cannabis extracts were typically imported from India, and referred to as Cannabis Indica, or "Indian Hemp."
FOOTNOTES
• 100 scientific papers
Article: History of cannabis as a medicine: A review, by Antonio Zuardi, Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University of São Paulo, 2006
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1516-44462006000200015&script=sci_arttext&tlng=pt
• 100 scientific papers
Book: Marihuana Reconsidered, by Lester Grinspoon, Harvard University Press, 1971
https://books.google.ca/books?id=AdoPAQAAMAAJ
• in treating ailments
Article: The Forgotten Medicine, by Truth Seeker, 420 Magazine, 2013
http://www.420magazine.com/2013/03/the-forgotten-medicine-a-look-at-the-medical-uses-of-cannabis/
• anorexia
Article: Some uses of Cannabis Indica, The Canada Lancet, Vol. 20, no. 8, April 1888
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05199_212/21?r=0&s=1
• tuberculosis
Article: Is Consumption Contagious?, Victoria Daily Colonist, August 28, 1897
http://archive.org/stream/dailycolonist18970826uvic/18970826#page/n5/mode/1up/search/cannabis
• tuberculosis
Advertisement: Truth, Vol 10, no. 498, April 19, 1890
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_06051_207/21?r=0&s=4
• epilepsy
Article: The Therapeutic Uses and Toxic Effects of Cannabis Indica, The Canada lancet, Vol. 22, no. 12, August 1890
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05199_240/18?r=0&s=1
• epilepsy
Article: A Contribution to the Therapeutics of Migraine, by E.C. Seguin, MD, The Canada medical record, 1878
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05185_64/7?r=0&s=1
• migraines
Article: A Contribution to the Therapeutics of Migraine, by E.C. Seguin, MD, The Canada medical record, 1878
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05185_64/6?r=0&s=1
• migraines
Article: Some special Therapeutic Uses of Cannabis Indica, by Dr. S. Mackenzie, The Canada lancet, Vol. 27, no. 5, Jan. 1895
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05199_293/15?r=0&s=1
• migraines
Article: Headaches and their Treatment, by T. Lauder Brunton, MD, The Canada medical record, Vol. 28, no. 4, Apr. 1900
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05185_331/12?r=0&s=1
• migraines
Article: Cannabis Indica as an Anodyne and Hypnmotic, By J.B. Mattison, MD, The Canada medical record, Dec. 1891
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05185_231/6?r=0&s=1
• depression
Article: Therapeutic Value of Indian Hemp, The Canada lancet, Vol. 24, no. 1, Sept. 1891
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05199_253/36?r=0&s=1
• menstrual cramps
Article: Dysmenorrhea, by J. Algernon Temple, MD, The Canadian practitioner, Vol. 9, no. 12, Dec. 1884
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05187_24/5?r=0&s=1
• menstrual cramps
Article: The Use of Belladonna and Cannabis Indica by the Rectum in Gynecological Practice, The Canada medical record, Vol. 18, no. 1, Oct. 1889
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05185_205/20?r=0&s=1
• chronic pain
Article: Cannabis Indica as an Anodyne and Hypnmotic, By J.B. Mattison, MD, The Canada medical record, Dec. 1891
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05185_231/6?r=0&s=1
• chronic pain
Article: The Therapeutic Uses and Toxic Effects of Cannabis Indica, The Canada lancet, Vol. 22, no. 12, August 1890
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05199_240/18?r=0&s=1
• chronic pain
Article: Some special Therapeutic Uses of Cannabis Indica, by Dr. S. Mackenzie, The Canada lancet, Vol. 27, no. 5, Jan. 1895
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05199_293/15?r=0&s=1
• foot corns
Article: Talks on Health and Beauty, by Grace Peckham Murray MD, Bunions, Corns and Callosities, The Delineator, Vol. 49, no. 4, April 1897
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_04228_192/113?r=0&s=3
• alcoholism and opium addiction
Article: Cannabis Indica as an Anodyne and Hypnmotic, By J.B. Mattison, MD, The Canada medical record, Dec. 1891
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05185_231/8?r=0&s=1
• alcoholism and opium addiction
Article: A Case of Double Narcotic Addiction, Opium and Alcohol, by J.B. Mattison MD, The Canada lancet, Vol. 17, no. 4, Dec. 1884
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05199_172/9?r=0&s=1
• opium addiction
Article: The Treatment of Opium Addiction, by Dr. J.B. Mattinson, The Canada medical record, Vol. 13, no. 4, Jan. 1885
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05185_148/6?r=0&s=1
• uterine spasms
Article: De l'endometrite, by Dr. M.E. Laval, La gazette médicale de Montréal, Vol. 4, no. 9, Sept. 1890
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05207_43/12?r=0&s=1
• diarrhea
Article: Cannabis Indica in Diarrhea, Dr. S.J. Rennie, The Canada Lancet, Vol 20, no. 2, October 1887 http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05199_206/22?r=0&s=1
• diarrhea
Article: Some uses of Cannabis Indica, The Canada Lancet, Vol. 20, no. 8, April 1888
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05199_212/21?r=0&s=1
• Parke Davis, Eli Lilly, Squib
Article: Pfizer, Eli Lilly Were The Original Medical Marijuana Sellers, by Debra Borchardt, Forbes.com, 2015
http://www.forbes.com/sites/debraborchardt/2015/04/08/pfizer-eli-lilly-were-the-original-medical-marijuana-sellers/
• Parke Davis
Catalog: Parke, Davis & Company, Physicians' catalog, 1929-1930,
http://druglibrary.org/schaffer/hemp/history/vbchmed1.htm
http://antiquecannabisbook.com/chap4/ParkeDavis.htm
• Eli Lilly
Image: Fluid Extract No. 96, Cannabis, U.S.P.
http://antiquecannabisbook.com/chap4/eliLilly2.htm
• Squibb
Image: E.R. Squibb Cannabis Powder
http://antiquecannabisbook.com/chap9/Squibb.htm
• pre-rolled cannabis cigarettes
Book: Cannabis, by Chris Duvall, p.135, Reaktion Books, 2014
https://books.google.ca/books?id=SVU8BQAAQBAJ&pg=PT124
• pre-rolled cannabis cigarettes
Article: Cigarettes of Cannabis Indica, Medical Times and Gazette, Oct 1870
http://antiquecannabisbook.com/chap7/CGrimault.htm
• pre-rolled cannabis cigarettes
Article: French Medicines Prepared by Grimault & Co., Daily British Colonist, p.4, July 27, 1873
http://archive.org/stream/dailycolonist18730727uvic/18730727#page/n3/mode/1up
• pre-rolled cannabis cigarettes
Brochure: Cannabis Indica Cigarettes for Asthma, Laryngitis, Insomnia and Irritation of the Air Passages, Grimault & Co, Paris, c.1897
http://antiquecannabisbook.com/chap7/CBrochure.htm
http://www.herbmuseum.ca/content/grimaults-cigarettes-cannabis-indica-sales-brochure
• pre-rolled cannabis cigarettes
Advertisement: Grimault Indian Cigarettes
http://herbmuseum.ca/node/1889