Cannabis in Canada: References Pages 1 - 20
PAGE 1 - The origins of cannabis in Canada.
• planted in 1606
Book: Cannabis: A History, by Martin Booth, p.57, Transworld Digital, 2011
http://books.google.ca/books?id=Mjn6sCiHoFIC&pg=PA57
• planted in 1606
Book: Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany, by Robert Clarke and Mark Merlin, p.129, University of California Press, 2013
https://books.google.ca/books?id=poenY6QMq8UC&pg=PA129
• Louis Hebert
Article: Louis Hebert, by Ethel Bennett, Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto, 1966
http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/hebert_louis_1E.html
• crucial world commodity
Article: Feasibility of Industrial Hemp Production in the United Stated Pacific Northwest, by Daryl Ehrensing, p.5, Oregon State University, May 1998
https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/sites/catalog/files/project/pdf/sb681.pdf
• crucial world commodity
Book: The Emperor Wears No Clothes, by Jack Herer, Chapter 2, Quick American Archives, 1998
http://jackherer.com.s216995.gridserver.com/emperor-3/chapter-2/
PAGE 2 - Overview of world cannabis history and uses.
• rich in protein
Study: Hempseed as a nutritional resource: An overview, by J.C. Callaway, University of Kuopio, Finland, 2004
http://www.finola.fi/Hempseed%20Nutrition.pdf
• amino acids
Book: The Great Book of Hemp, by Rowan Robinson, p.55, Inner Traditions, 1996
https://books.google.ca/books?id=w0qvkVGO0sgC&pg=PA55
• essential fatty acids
Article: The Amazing Benefits of Hemp Seeds, by Gero Leson and Walter Russell, Alternet, October 26, 2012
http://www.alternet.org/food/amazing-benefits-hemp-seeds-too-bad-dea-curtailing-industry
• burned as a fuel
Book: Hemp For Victory: A Global Warming Solution, by Richard M Davis, Hemp Museum Publishing, 2007
https://books.google.ca/books?id=qCUbaEg27TQC&pg=PA26
• burned as a fuel
Book: The Great Book of Hemp, by Rowan Robinson, p.30, Park Street Press, 1996
https://books.google.ca/books?id=w0qvkVGO0sgC&pg=PA30
• outer bast fibres
Book: Handbook of Natural Fibres, by Ryszard Kozlowski, p.119, Woodhead Publishing, 2012
https://books.google.ca/books?id=0o1wAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA119
• inner pulpy hurds
Book: Hemp, Industrial Production and Uses, by Pierre Bouloc, CABI, 2013
https://books.google.ca/books?id=2RX4AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA86
• make everything from
Article: The New Billion Dollar Crop, Popular Mechanics, 1938
http://druglibrary.org/schaffer/hemp/popmech1.htm
• Cannabis is dioecious
Book: Handbook of Natural Fibres, by Ryszard Kozlowski, p.118, Woodhead Publishing, 2012
https://books.google.ca/books?id=0o1wAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA118
• tiny resinous glands
Article: Inside the Trichome, by Bubbleman and Jeremiah Vandermeer, Cannabis Culture, 2009
http://www.cannabisculture.com/content/inside-trichome
• trichomes
Book: Handbook of Cannabis, by Roger Pertwee, OUP Oxford, 2014
https://books.google.ca/books?id=WUrYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT119
• rich in cannabinoids
Book: Cannabis and Cannabinoids, by Ethan Russo, Routledge, 2013
https://books.google.ca/books?id=qH-2Lj9x7L4C
• THC, CBD, CBN
Book: Cannabinoids, edited by Roger G. Pertwee, Springer Science, 2006
https://books.google.ca/books?id=t-yXCZy_Iv8C
• called hashish
Book: Hashish!, by Robert Clarke, Red Eye Press, 1998
https://books.google.ca/books?id=hblBKeAE9rgC
• grow small sacks
Video: Collecting Male Cannabis Pollen, by GrowGreenerGuru, Youtube, 2012
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ga2uwL9Po0
• also be hermaphrodite
Book: Medical Marijuana Cannabis Cultivation, by Jeffrey Winterborne, p.123, Pukka Press, 2008
https://books.google.ca/books?id=ALaEeOkAGKAC&pg=PA123
PAGE 3 - Cannabis sexes, varieties and subspecies.
• grown for pulp, fibre and seedBook: Hemp Bound, by Doug Fine, p.83, Dougfine.com, 2014
Website: http://www.hemp-technologies.com/page83/page83.html
• sinsemilla
Book: The Sinsemilla Technique, by Kayo, Last Gasp, 2015
https://books.google.ca/books?id=yFF-AAAACAAJ
• continue to debate
Book: Marijuana Botany, by Robert Clarke, p.157, Ronin Publishing, 1981
http://books.google.ca/books?id=_aK7dTNS1qkC
• Indica, Sativa, Ruderalis
Book: Marijuana Grower's Handbook, by Ed Rosenthal, Quick American Publishing, 2010
https://books.google.ca/books?id=lLYBNnmlnfMC
• Ruderalis
Article: Flowering Ruderalis, by Ed Rosenthal, Cannabis Culture, 2003
https://web.archive.org/web/20090907162141/http://www.cannabisculture.com/v2/articles/2847.html
• breeding autoflower varieties
Article: The Return of Ruderalis, by DMT, Cannabis Culture, 2003
https://web.archive.org/web/20060313220124/http://www.cannabisculture.com/articles/3033.html
• Strains
Book: Marijuana Smoker's Guidebook, by Matt Mernagh, Green Candy Press, 2013
https://www.amazon.ca/Marijuana-Smokers-Guidebook-Identify-Strains/dp/1937866068
PAGE 4 - 1600s, Europe growing cannabis in New World.
• Britain bought large quantities
Article: Hemp, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Eighth Edition, Volume XI, 1856
http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/h/hemp22a.html
• sails and ropes from Russia
Book: Textbook of Seamanship, Chapter III, U.S. Naval Academy, 1891
http://www.hnsa.org/resources/manuals-documents/age-of-sail/textbook-of-seamanship/rope/
• the Dutch supplemented
Book: The Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth Century, Maarten Roy Prak, Cambridge University Press, 2005
https://www.amazon.com/Dutch-Republic-Seventeenth-Century-Golden/dp/0521604605
• the Dutch supplemented
Article: 1600 -1700: The Golden Age of Dutch Hemp, Hempshopper.com
http://hempshopper.com/en/hemp-history-ce/108-1600-1700
• Spain growing cannabis in Chile
Article: History of hemp in Chile, by Erich Forster, Druglibrary.org
http://druglibrary.org/olsen/hemp/iha/iha03213.html
• mandatory, French government
Book: Cannabis: A History, by Martin Booth, p.57, Transworld Digital, 2011
http://books.google.ca/books?id=Mjn6sCiHoFIC&pg=PA57
• New England growing cannabis for Britain
Article: Hemp in New England, by John Dvorak, Hemp Magazine, 1997
http://unifiedcommunity.info/hemp/hemp-articles/johns-articles/history-of-hemp-in-new-england/
http://hempology.org/JD'S%20ARTICLES/NEWENG.html
• cannabis in Australia
Book: Sir Joseph Banks and the Question of Hemp, by John Jiggens, John Jiggens, 2012.
https://www.amazon.com/Sir-Joseph-Banks-Question-Hemp/dp/095786843X
• cannabis in Australia
Audio: Was Australia intended as a hemp colony?, Ockham's Razor, Sept 9 2012
http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/ockhamsrazor/was-australia-intended-as-a-hemp-colony3f/4240480#transcript
• sent convicts
Article: Hemp in British and Australian Colonial History, by Phillip Charlier, Tableland Netguide, 1998
https://australianhempparty.com/page/source/colonial-history
PAGE 5 - Early bounties and promotion of cannabis.
• governments offered bountiesDocument: The third session of the sixteenth Parliament of Great Britain, Printed by C. Eyre, 1786
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_01202/10?r=0&s=1
• governments offered bounties
Book: Acts of the General Assembly of Newfoundland, J.C. Withers, printer to the Queen, 1890
https://books.google.ca/books?id=gXsxAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA160
• governments offered bounties
Book: The Naval Chronicle: Volume 28, p.238, by James Stanier Clarke and John McArthur, 1812
http://books.google.ca/books?id=QWbjxv5O6ocC&pg=PA237
• governments offered bounties, distributed hemp seed
Book: The Journal of the Board of Arts and Manufactures for Upper Canada, Volume 3, p.226, 1863
http://books.google.ca/books?id=wUI2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA226
• taxes could be paid
Documentary: Busted, Frontline, PBS, 2014
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/dope/etc/cron.html
• taxes could be paid
Book: Cannabis: A History, by Martin Booth, p.57, Random House, 2011
https://books.google.ca/books?id=Mjn6sCiHoFIC&pg=PA57
• names of many towns
Article: No hemp in Hempstead?, by Dana Larsen, Cannabis Culture, 2000
http://www.cannabisculture.com/articles/3300.html
• physically separated
Article: Retting, Encyclopedia Brittanica, 2016
https://www.britannica.com/technology/retting
PAGE 6 - Bribes, threats and slaves to grow cannabis.
• growing food cropsBook: Cannabis: A History, by Martin Booth, p.57, Random House, 2011
https://books.google.ca/books?id=Mjn6sCiHoFIC&pg=PA57
• Jean Talon
Book: The Great Intendant : A Chronicle of Jean Talon in Canada, 1665-1672, by Thomas Chapais, 1914
http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4971
• confiscated all the thread
Article: Jean Talon, by Andre Vachon, Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto, 1966
http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/talon_jean_1E.html
• confiscated all the thread
Book: Cannabis: A History, by Martin Booth, p.57, Random House, 2011
http://books.google.ca/books?id=Mjn6sCiHoFIC&pg=PA57
• Intendant Michel Begon, African slaves
Article: Michel Begon de la Picardiere, by Yves Zoltvany, Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 3, University of Toronto, 1974
http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/begon_de_la_picardiere_michel_3E.html
• diverted to the West Indes
Book: Blacks in Canada: A History, by Robin Winks, p.8, McGill-Queen's Press, 1997
https://books.google.ca/books?id=HwOdKjfF_HgC&pg=PA8
PAGE 7 - France and Britain push for more cannabis in Canada.
• 60 livres per 100 poundsArticle: Michel Begon de la Picardiere, by Yves Zoltvany, Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 3, University of Toronto, 1974
http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/begon_de_la_picardiere_michel_3E.html
• hemp subsidies
Book: In Search of Empire: The French in the Americas, 1670-1730, by James Pritchard, p.124, Cambridge University Press, 2004
https://books.google.ca/books?id=kK9wa98I4eEC&pg=PA124
• 60 livres per 100 pounds, Batiscan and Champlain, clergy discouraged parishioners, slowed to a trickle
Book: Metamorphoses of Landscape and Community in Early Quebec, by Colin Coates, p.43, McGill-Queen's Press, 2000
https://books.google.ca/books?id=pDaiRM7Cb4QC&pg=PA43
• Bishop of Quebec asked King Louis XV
Book: Report on Canadian Archives, by Doug Brymner, p.cxiv, Public Archives Canada, 1888
https://books.google.ca/books?id=AEoMAQAAIAAJ&pg=PR145
• Governor James Murray, hemp
Report: Report of the state of the government of Quebec in Canada, by General Murray, Dussault & Proulx, 1902
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.74382/53?r=0&s=1
• 2000 bushels, two cannabis experts
Book: Marijuana, The First Twelve Thousand Years, by Ernest Abel, p.98, Springer US, 1980
http://druglibrary.org/schaffer/hemp/history/first12000/4.htm
• sent two cannabis experts to Canada
Article: Cherles Frederick Grece, by Jean-Pierre Wallot, Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 7, University of Toronto, 1988
http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/grece_charles_frederick_7E.html
• sent two cannabis experts to Canada
Article: James Campbell, by Jean-Pierre Wallot, Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 5, University of Toronto, 1983
http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/campbell_james_5E.html
PAGE 8 - Britain promotes more Canadian cannabis farming.
• Board for the Encouragement of the Cultivation of HempBook: Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Volume 5, by Francess G. Halpenny, p.373, Springer Science, 1983
https://books.google.ca/books?id=evippMryHjsC&pg=PA373
• Board for the Encouragement of the Cultivation of Hemp
Article: Kenelm Chandler, by Glenn Steppler, Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 5, University of Toronto, 1983
Website: http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/chandler_kenelm_5E.html
• Board for the Encouragement of the Cultivation of Hemp
Article: William Frederick Ermatinger, by Myron Momryk,, Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 6, University of Toronto, 2003 http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/ermatinger_frederick_william_1827_6E.html
• cash prizes
Document: The British-American register, Vol. 1, No. 18, May 7, 1803, Printed by John Neilson
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_06241_18/14?r=0&s=1
• British Government Report on Hemp, National and Parliamentary Notices
Document: National and Parliamentary Notices, No. II, Navigation, Trade, Imports and Exports, Literary Panorama for March, 1809
https://books.google.ca/books?id=lL8RAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT519&q=Camden%20howard
• Board for hemp 1802
Article: In another period of scarcity, Wright made farming history, by Harry Walker, The Ottawa Journal, March 20, 1943
http://www.newspapers.com/image/48096245/?terms=hemp
PAGE 9 - Cannabis, Napoleon and the War of 1812.
• Russian-made cannabis rope and sails
Book: In Nelson's Wake: The Navy and the Napoleonic Wars, by James Davey, p.250, Yale University Press, 2016
https://books.google.ca/books?id=KkEFCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250
• Russian-made cannabis rope and sails
Article: The Treaty of Tilsit: Russia, France, England and the Hemp Plant, by Jeff Meints, 2013
http://treaty-of-tilsit-hemp.blogspot.ca
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=95-mdmwDNYM
• forcing them to buy Russian hemp
Book: America, Russia, Hemp and Napoleon, by Alfred Crosby Jr., Ohio State University Press, 1965
http://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/24623/AMERICA_RUSSIA_HEMP_AND_NAPOLEON.pdf
PAGE 10 - Cannabis farms and mills. Medical acceptance.
• in 1822, Parliament invested
Report: Historical and cultural uses of cannabis and the Canadian 'Marijuana Clash', Prepared For The Senate Special Committee On Illegal Drugs, by Leah Spicer, Library of Parliament, 2002
http://www.parl.gc.ca/content/sen/committee/371/ille/library/spicer-e.htm
• duty-free importation
Article: James Crooks, by David Ouellette, Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Vol. 8, University of Toronto, 1985
http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/crooks_james_8E.html
• Sir Russell Reynolds, "most valuable medicines"
Article: Therapeutical Uses and Toxic Effects of Cannabis Indica, by J. Russell Reynolds, The Lancet, Vol 1, p.637-638, 1890
https://web.archive.org/web/20140207201654/http://www.onlinepot.org/medical/Dr_Tods_PDFs/s3_3.pdf
• Sir Russell Reynolds, "most valuable medicines"
Report: Excerpts from the Indian Hemp Commission Report, by Tod Mikuriya, Last Gasp, 1994
http://books.google.ca/books?id=Bq9Qm-7Q95sC&pg=PA10
• bird seed
Study: Hempseed as a nutritional resource: An overview, by J.C. Callaway, University of Kuopio, Finland, 2004
http://www.finola.fi/Hempseed%20Nutrition.pdf
PAGE 11 - New machinery, prizes for cannabis farmers.
• British American Cultivator
Article: Improvement in Hemp-Brakes, The British American Cultivator, Vol. 3, no. 10, October 1847
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_04019_70/16?r=0&s=1
• The Canadian merchants' magazine and commercial review
Article: Statistics in Agriculture, Hemp in Canada, The Canadian merchants' magazine and commercial review, Vol. 3, no. 5, Sept. 1858
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_06193_17/46?r=0&s=1
• The Farmer's Journal of Lower Canada
Article: Hemp and Flax Culture, The farmer's journal and transactions of the Lower Canada Board of Agriculture, March 1860
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_06434_79/5?r=0&s=1
• Nova Scotia Journal of Agriculture
Article: Hemp Culture, The Nova Scotian journal of agriculture, Vol. 1, no. 54, February 1870
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_04715_43/3?r=0&s=1
• Canadian Farmer and Mechanic
Article: Hemp, The Canadian farmer and mechanic, Vol. 1, no. 2, September 15, 1841
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_04109_2/7?r=0&s=2
• Manitoba and the North-West of the Dominion, 1876
Article: Flax and Hemp, by Thomas Spence, Manitoba and the north-west of the Dominion, p.32, 1876.
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.24137/42?r=0&s=1
PAGE 12 - Studies and use of medical cannabis expand.
• 100 scientific papers
Article: History of cannabis as a medicine: A review, by Antonio Zuardi, Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University of São Paulo, 2006
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1516-44462006000200015&script=sci_arttext&tlng=pt
• 100 scientific papers
Book: Marihuana Reconsidered, by Lester Grinspoon, Harvard University Press, 1971
https://books.google.ca/books?id=AdoPAQAAMAAJ
• in treating ailments
Article: The Forgotten Medicine, by Truth Seeker, 420 Magazine, 2013
http://www.420magazine.com/2013/03/the-forgotten-medicine-a-look-at-the-medical-uses-of-cannabis/
• anorexia
Article: Some uses of Cannabis Indica, The Canada Lancet, Vol. 20, no. 8, April 1888
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05199_212/21?r=0&s=1
• tuberculosis
Article: Is Consumption Contagious?, Victoria Daily Colonist, August 28, 1897
http://archive.org/stream/dailycolonist18970826uvic/18970826#page/n5/mode/1up/search/cannabis
• tuberculosis
Advertisement: Truth, Vol 10, no. 498, April 19, 1890
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_06051_207/21?r=0&s=4
• epilepsy
Article: The Therapeutic Uses and Toxic Effects of Cannabis Indica, The Canada lancet, Vol. 22, no. 12, August 1890
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05199_240/18?r=0&s=1
• epilepsy
Article: A Contribution to the Therapeutics of Migraine, by E.C. Seguin, MD, The Canada medical record, 1878
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05185_64/7?r=0&s=1
• migraines
Article: A Contribution to the Therapeutics of Migraine, by E.C. Seguin, MD, The Canada medical record, 1878
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05185_64/6?r=0&s=1
• migraines
Article: Some special Therapeutic Uses of Cannabis Indica, by Dr. S. Mackenzie, The Canada lancet, Vol. 27, no. 5, Jan. 1895
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05199_293/15?r=0&s=1
• migraines
Article: Headaches and their Treatment, by T. Lauder Brunton, MD, The Canada medical record, Vol. 28, no. 4, Apr. 1900
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05185_331/12?r=0&s=1
• migraines
Article: Cannabis Indica as an Anodyne and Hypnmotic, By J.B. Mattison, MD, The Canada medical record, Dec. 1891
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05185_231/6?r=0&s=1
• depression
Article: Therapeutic Value of Indian Hemp, The Canada lancet, Vol. 24, no. 1, Sept. 1891
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05199_253/36?r=0&s=1
• menstrual cramps
Article: Dysmenorrhea, by J. Algernon Temple, MD, The Canadian practitioner, Vol. 9, no. 12, Dec. 1884
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05187_24/5?r=0&s=1
• menstrual cramps
Article: The Use of Belladonna and Cannabis Indica by the Rectum in Gynecological Practice, The Canada medical record, Vol. 18, no. 1, Oct. 1889
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05185_205/20?r=0&s=1
• chronic pain
Article: Cannabis Indica as an Anodyne and Hypnmotic, By J.B. Mattison, MD, The Canada medical record, Dec. 1891
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05185_231/6?r=0&s=1
• chronic pain
Article: The Therapeutic Uses and Toxic Effects of Cannabis Indica, The Canada lancet, Vol. 22, no. 12, August 1890
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05199_240/18?r=0&s=1
• chronic pain
Article: Some special Therapeutic Uses of Cannabis Indica, by Dr. S. Mackenzie, The Canada lancet, Vol. 27, no. 5, Jan. 1895
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05199_293/15?r=0&s=1
• foot corns
Article: Talks on Health and Beauty, by Grace Peckham Murray MD, Bunions, Corns and Callosities, The Delineator, Vol. 49, no. 4, April 1897
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_04228_192/113?r=0&s=3
• alcoholism and opium addiction
Article: Cannabis Indica as an Anodyne and Hypnmotic, By J.B. Mattison, MD, The Canada medical record, Dec. 1891
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05185_231/8?r=0&s=1
• alcoholism and opium addiction
Article: A Case of Double Narcotic Addiction, Opium and Alcohol, by J.B. Mattison MD, The Canada lancet, Vol. 17, no. 4, Dec. 1884
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05199_172/9?r=0&s=1
• opium addiction
Article: The Treatment of Opium Addiction, by Dr. J.B. Mattinson, The Canada medical record, Vol. 13, no. 4, Jan. 1885
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05185_148/6?r=0&s=1
• uterine spasms
Article: De l'endometrite, by Dr. M.E. Laval, La gazette médicale de Montréal, Vol. 4, no. 9, Sept. 1890
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05207_43/12?r=0&s=1
• diarrhea
Article: Cannabis Indica in Diarrhea, Dr. S.J. Rennie, The Canada Lancet, Vol 20, no. 2, October 1887 http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05199_206/22?r=0&s=1
• diarrhea
Article: Some uses of Cannabis Indica, The Canada Lancet, Vol. 20, no. 8, April 1888
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05199_212/21?r=0&s=1
• Parke Davis, Eli Lilly, Squib
Article: Pfizer, Eli Lilly Were The Original Medical Marijuana Sellers, by Debra Borchardt, Forbes.com, 2015
http://www.forbes.com/sites/debraborchardt/2015/04/08/pfizer-eli-lilly-were-the-original-medical-marijuana-sellers/
• Parke Davis
Catalog: Parke, Davis & Company, Physicians' catalog, 1929-1930,
http://druglibrary.org/schaffer/hemp/history/vbchmed1.htm
http://antiquecannabisbook.com/chap4/ParkeDavis.htm
• Eli Lilly
Image: Fluid Extract No. 96, Cannabis, U.S.P.
http://antiquecannabisbook.com/chap4/eliLilly2.htm
• Squibb
Image: E.R. Squibb Cannabis Powder
http://antiquecannabisbook.com/chap9/Squibb.htm
• pre-rolled cannabis cigarettes
Book: Cannabis, by Chris Duvall, p.135, Reaktion Books, 2014
https://books.google.ca/books?id=SVU8BQAAQBAJ&pg=PT124
• pre-rolled cannabis cigarettes
Article: Cigarettes of Cannabis Indica, Medical Times and Gazette, Oct 1870
http://antiquecannabisbook.com/chap7/CGrimault.htm
• pre-rolled cannabis cigarettes
Article: French Medicines Prepared by Grimault & Co., Daily British Colonist, p.4, July 27, 1873
http://archive.org/stream/dailycolonist18730727uvic/18730727#page/n3/mode/1up
• pre-rolled cannabis cigarettes
Brochure: Cannabis Indica Cigarettes for Asthma, Laryngitis, Insomnia and Irritation of the Air Passages, Grimault & Co, Paris, c.1897
http://antiquecannabisbook.com/chap7/CBrochure.htm
http://www.herbmuseum.ca/content/grimaults-cigarettes-cannabis-indica-sales-brochure
• pre-rolled cannabis cigarettes
Advertisement: Grimault Indian Cigarettes http://herbmuseum.ca/node/1889
PAGE 13 - Canada's first recorded hashish overdose.
• Canada Medical Record
Article: The Therapeutic Value of Cannabis Indica, Editor New York Medical Journal, The Canada medical record, Nov. 1891
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05185_230/16?r=0&s=1
• Canada Medical Record
Article: Cannabis Indica as an Anodyne and Hypnotic, By J.B. Mattison, MD, The Canada medical record, Dec. 1891
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05185_231/6?r=0&s=1
• L'union médicale du Canada
Article: Usage du Cannabis Indica dans le Traitement des Nevroses et des dyspepsies gastriques, by M. Germain See, L'union médicale du Canada, Vol. 19, no 10, Oct. 1890
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05175_226/44?r=0&s=1
• L'union médicale du Canada
Article: Traitement des Hemorrhagies Uterines, L'union médicale du Canada, Vol. 25, no 6, June 1896
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05175_294/30?r=0&s=1
• Canadian Journal of Medicine and Surgery
Article: The Modern Treatment of Tetanus, By J.J. Cassidy MD, The Canadian journal of medicine and surgery, Vol. 5, no. 2, Feb. 1899
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05193_26/2?r=0&s=1
• included in Materia Medica
Article: The U.S. Pharmacopeia of 1870, The Canadian pharmaceutical journal, Vol. 6, no. 8, March 1873
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05106_59/33?r=0&s=1
• The Canadian Druggist
Article: Old Friends under New Faces, by Dr. R.J. Blackham, Canadian druggist, Vol. 5, no. 7, July 1893
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_06091_49/13?r=0&s=2
• Canada Lancet February 1895
Article: Cannabis Indica, The Canada lancet, Vol. 27, no. 6, Feb. 1895
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05199_294/29?r=0&s=1
• Canada Lancet January 1895
Article: Some Special Therapeutic Uses of Cannabis Indica, The Canada lancet, Vol. 27, no. 5, Jan. 1895
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05199_293/15?r=0&s=1
• ingredients not fully understood
Article: The Active Principle of Indian Hemp, The Dominion medical monthly and Ontario medical journal, Vol. 8, no. 3, March 1897
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_06539_21/47?r=0&s=1
• difficult to properly standardize
Article: The Therapeutic Value of Cannabis Indica, The Canada medical record, Nov. 1891
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05185_230/16?r=0&s=2
• Parke Davis advertised
Advertisement: Canadian Druggist, August 1899
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_06091_122/53?r=0&s=1
• Parke Davis advertised
Advertisement: The Canada lancet, Vol. 31, no. 7, March 1899
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05199_343/61?r=0&s=1
• no standard test
Article: The Therapeutic Value of Cannabis Indica, Editor New York Medical Journal, The Canada medical record, Nov. 1891
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05185_230/16?r=0&s=1
• testing on dogs
Article: The Marketing of Cannabis Americana, by Fred Gardner, CounterPunch.org, 2006
http://www.counterpunch.org/2006/05/13/the-marketing-of-quot-cannabis-americana-quot/
• testing on dogs
Article: Trying it on the dog, Portage la Prairie Review, December 13, 1899
http://manitobia.ca/content/en/newspapers/PNR/1899/12/13/3/Ar00300.xml/Olive?query=cannabis
PAGE 14 - Medical cannabis studies, testing on dogs.
• A Poisoning-case from Haschish
Article: A Poisoning-case from Haschish, by William Wright MD, The Medical Chronicle, Vol. 5, no. 11, April 1858
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05182_59/2?r=0&s=2
PAGE 15 - Lecture on cannabis by Dr. F.W. Goodwin
• Dr. Goodwin's talk
Article: Cannabis Indica, by F.W. Goodwin MD, The Maritime medical news, Vol. 10, no. 4, April 1898
http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_05184_101/12?r=0&s=1
PAGE 16 - Origins of the drug war, Britain's opium trade.
• Britain's naval supremacy
Wikipedia: History of the Royal Navy, French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1793–1815)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Royal_Navy#French_Revolutionary_and_Napoleonic_Wars_.281793.E2.80.931815.29
• except silver
Article: Selling Opium to China to Pay For Tea, by Claire Petras, British Tea, 17th-19th Century
http://www.clairepetras.com/silvertriangle/
• trade imbalance, opium ban
Article: The First Opium War (1838-1842), by Vern Cleary, Modern World History, Online textbook, Bellarmine College, 2013
http://webs.bcp.org/sites/vcleary/ModernWorldHistoryTextbook/Imperialism/section_5/firstopiumwar.html
https://itunes.apple.com/ca/book/modern-world-history-industrial/id559677641?mt=13
PAGE 17 - Opium Wars, Chinese immigration to Canada.
• were more powerful
Book: China and the Asia-Pacific Region: Geostrategic Relations and a Naval Dimension, by Jae-Hyung Lee, p,38, iUniverse, 2003
https://books.google.ca/books?id=WToqGo21GC4C&pg=PA3
• value twice that of tea
Book: The Merchants' Magazine and Commercial Review, Volume 41, p.442, Art. IV, China: its trade.
https://books.google.ca/books?id=yf0cAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA442
• winning the Opium Wars
Book: The Opium War: Drugs, Dreams and the Making of China, by Julia Lovell, Pan Macmillan, 2011
https://books.google.ca/books?id=tq1viJQK1AsC
• about 20,000 Chinese: 3-5000 barkerville
Article: The Early Chinese Canadians 1858-1947, Collections Canada
http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/canadiens-chinois/021022-1200-e.html
• brutal labor gangs, 1500 Chinese labourers died, died from scurvy
Book: The Silent Spikes: Chinese Laborers and the Construction of North American Railroads, by Annian Huang, p.106, China Intercontinental Press, 2006
https://books.google.ca/books?id=x9sVX209FW0C&pg=PA106
• head tax
Book: Righting Canada's Wrongs: The Chinese Head Tax, by Arlene Chan, James Lorimer & Co., 2014
https://books.google.ca/books?id=Bh-NBAAAQBAJ
• ghetto-like existence
Book: The Chinese in Vancouver, 1945-80: The Pursuit of Identity and Power, by Wing Chung Ng, p.13, UBC Press, 1999
http://books.google.ca/books?id=tby9x4ourG0C&pg=PA13
• ghetto-like existence
Article: The Idea of Chinatown, by Kay Anderson, Immigration in Canada: Historical Perspectives, Copp Clark Longman Ltd., 1994
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/courses/lawdemo/WEBREAD/ANDSN224.htm
• opium for dysentery
Book: Practical Observations on the Principal Diseases Affecting the Health of the European and Native Soldiers in the North-western Provinces of India, by W. L. MacGregor, p.96, Thacker, 1843
https://books.google.ca/books?id=NG8FAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA96
• opium for diarrhoea
Article: Opium Tincture, WebMD
http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-93960/opium-tincture-oral/details
• opium for rheumatism
Article: Opium in Rheumatism, The New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 17, 1838
https://books.google.ca/books?id=dB8zAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA202
http://www.arthritisselfmanagement.com/condition/definition/opioids/
• opium for cholera
Article: Opium in Cholera, Dysentery and Diarrhea, The New England Journal of Medicine, September 28, 1830
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM183009280033305
• chinese didn't drink as much alcohol
Article: Comparing the Material Lives of Asian Transmigrants through the Lens of Alcohol Consumption, by Douglas Ross, Journal of Social Archaeology, June 2010
http://www.academia.edu/222852/Comparing_the_Material_Lives_of_Asian_Transmigrants_through_the_Lens_of_Alcohol_Consumption
PAGE 18 - Anti-Chinese riots, anti-opium craze.
• coolies
Book: Chinese Coolie Emigration to Canada, by Perisa Campbell, Routledge, 2012
https://books.google.ca/books?id=-j4sBgAAQBAJ
• first anti-Chinese riot
Article: Remembering Vancouver's First Race Riot, by Jesse Donaldson, March 1 2013, TheTyee.ca
http://thetyee.ca/Life/2013/03/01/Vancouver-Race-Riot/
• A 1907 rally
Article: 1907 Riots, The Chinese Experience in British Columbia, 1850-1950
http://www.library.ubc.ca/chineseinbc/riots.html
• Vancouver Asiatic Exclusion League
Book: White Canada Forever, by W. Peter Ward, p.129, McGill-Queen's Press, 2002
https://books.google.ca/books?id=60geM6Hgpz0C&pg=PA129
• violence and vandalism:
Book: Saltwater City: Story of Vancouver's Chinese Community, by Paul Yee, p.28, D&M Publishers, 2009
https://books.google.ca/books?id=G1opLEH8OmIC&pg=PA28
• settle property damage claims
Report: Losses Sustained by the Chinese Population of Vancouver BC on the occasion of the riots in that city,
by W.L. Mackenzie King, Parliament, 1908
http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/200/301/pco-bcp/commissions-ef/mackenzieking1908b-eng/mackenzieking1908b-eng.pdf
• supported a white Canada
Article: Canadian Opinion of Immigrants, by Claude Bélange, Marianopolis College, 2006
http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/readings/CanadianOpinionsofImmigrants.html
• supported a white Canada
Article: Race riots and how Mackenzie King made his name, by Jennifer Hunter, The Star, April 4, 2014 https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2014/04/04/race_riots_and_how_mackenzie_king_made_his_name.html
• decided to help reduce
Article: Orienting the Empire, by John Price, BC Studies, no. 156, Winter 2007/08
http://ojs.library.ubc.ca/index.php/bcstudies/article/viewFile/611/654
• we will get some good out of this riot yet
Book: A Thousand Dreams: Vancouver's Downtown Eastside and the Fight for Its Future, by Larry Campbell, Neil Boyd, Lori Culbert, Greystone Books, 2009
https://books.google.ca/books?id=iGm9BwAAQBAJ&pg=PT9
• on his own initiative
Article: Local Origins of the Drug War, by Lani Russwurm, Past Tense Vanvouver, August 28 2009,
http://pasttensevancouver.wordpress.com/2009/08/28/local-origins-of-the-drug-war/
• "The Need for the Suppression of the Opium Traffic in Canada"
Article: Report on the Need for the Suppression of the Opium Traffic in Canada, by William Lyon Mackenzie King, 1908
http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Report_on_the_Need_for_the_Suppression_of_the_Opium_Traffic_in_Canada
https://archive.org/details/reportbywlmacken00canarich
• ruin of white women
Book: Killer Weed, by Susan Boyd, Connie Carter, p.40, University of Toronto Press, 2014
https://books.google.ca/books?id=YjLJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA40
• newspapers of the day
Article: An Opium Joint, The Montreal Gazette, June 22, 1901
http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UxIqAAAAIBAJ&sjid=xX4FAAAAIBAJ&pg=4152%2C4459533
• staged photos
Book: The Immigrant Scene 1880-1920, by Sabine Haenni, p.288, U of Minnesota Press, 2008
https://books.google.ca/books?id=cIhJji6i1bIC&pg=PA288
• staged photos
Image: https://elvirabarney.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/dandy-pasha.jpg
• staged photos
Image: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/96053404525427104/
PAGE 19 - First anti-opium laws, no research.
• women's groups, church groups
Article: Call on Liberal Executive to Take Action on Drugs, Vancouver Daily World, March 7 1922
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5385940/vancouver_daily_world/
• newspapers, clergy against opium
Book: A Sociology of Crime, by Peter Eglin and Stephen Hester, p.35, Routledge, 2013
https://books.google.ca/books?id=bFhQi0fp4VYC&pg=PA35
• drug dragon, drug octopus, drug evil
Book: The Oriental Question 1914-41, by Patricia Roy, p.53, UBC Press, 2011
https://books.google.ca/books?id=i3cgCE_f4KwC&pg=PA53
• Yellow Peril
Book: His Dominion and the Yellow Peril, by Jiwu Wang, WLU Press, 2006
https://www.wlupress.wlu.ca/Books/9/His-Dominion-and-the-Yellow-Peril
• cartoonists
Image: https://web.archive.org/web/20140211211805/http://www.hyperhistory.org/images/assets/ozhistorybytes/issue_nine/_octopus.jpg
• cartoonists
Image: http://www.fair.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/YellowTerror.jpg
• public burnings
Article: Opium and Hop Layouts Worth $20,000 Burned in San Francisco, The Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette, 28 May 1912,
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5385943/the_fort_wayne_journalgazette/
• public burnings
Image: http://www.opiummuseum.com/pics/Hawaii192083_normal.jpg
• public burnings
Image: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/277323289530266974/
• Opium Narcotic Act of 1908, Opium and Drug Act of 1911
Report: Cannabis, Our Position for a Canadian Public Policy, Report of the Senate Special Committee on Illegal Drugs, Vol II, Part III, Chapter 12, The National Legislative Context, 2002
http://www.parl.gc.ca/content/sen/committee/371/ille/rep/repfinalvol2-e.htm
• Opium Narcotic Act of 1908
Book: The Chinese in Toronto from 1878, by Arlene Chan, p.79, Dundurn, 2011
https://books.google.ca/books?id=ZnHe0V95S4sC&pg=PA79
• not even debated
Book: Crime and Deviance in Canada, by Christopher McCormick and Len Green, p.355, Canadian Scholars’ Press, 2005
https://books.google.ca/books?id=NcVZPgwoNvoC&pg=PA355
PAGE 20 - Opium laws target Chinese. Arrests, deportations.
• 1911 Opium and Drug Act
Book: Crime and Deviance in Canada, by Christopher McCormick and Len Green, p.355, Canadian Scholars’ Press, 2005
https://books.google.ca/books?id=NcVZPgwoNvoC&pg=PA355
• 1911 Opium and Drug Act
Book: When Good Drugs Go Bad, by Dan Malleck, p.233, UBC Press, 2015
https://books.google.ca/books?id=UXLtCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA233
• 6.3% of all Chinese, 2% of all Chinese Canadians
Book: Jailed for Possession, by Catherine Carstairs, p.44, University of Toronto Press, 2006
https://books.google.ca/books?id=_gTjug3X1EgC&pg=PA44
• Overview of Chinese and anti-opium laws in Canada
Article: Deporting "Ah Sin" to Save the White Race, by Catherine Carstairs, Canadian Bulletin of Medical History, Vol. 16, 1999 www.cbmh.ca/index.php/cbmh/article/view/1538/1532
• Opium and Drug Branch
Book: America, A Historical Encyclopedia, edited by David Fahey and Jon Miller, p.311, ABC-CLIO, 2013
https://books.google.ca/books?id=UXHYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA311
• first drug squad in 1919
Report: Cannabis, Our Position for a Canadian Public Policy, Report of the Senate Special Committee on Illegal Drugs, Vol II, Part III, Chapter 12, The National Legislative Context, 2002
http://www.parl.gc.ca/content/sen/committee/371/ille/rep/repfinalvol2-e.htm
• The majority of drug charges were for possession
Book: Jailed for Possession, by Catherine Carstairs, p.32, University of Toronto Press, 2006
https://books.google.ca/books?id=_gTjug3X1EgC&pg=PA32
• 1922: 300 groups telegram government from vancouver
Article: Call on Liberal Executive to Take Action on Drugs, Vancouver Daily World, March 7 1922
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5385940/vancouver_daily_world/
• overview of Canadian drug policy
Article: Drugs and Drug Policy in Canada, by Diane Riley PhD, Canadian Foundation for Drug Policy, November 1998
http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/SEN/Committee/362/ille/rep/rep-nov98-e.htm